հանրային սպառում

What consumers do. Within an economy, this can be broken down into private and public consumption (see public spending). The more resources a society consumes, the less it has to ...

հանրային-մասնավոր

الاقتصاد; علم الاقتصاد

Using private firms to carry out aspects of government. This has become increasingly popular since the early 1980s as governments have tried to obtain some of the benefits of the ...

հանրային ապրանք

الاقتصاد; علم الاقتصاد

Things that can be consumed by everybody in a society, or nobody at all. They have three characteristics. They are: * non-rival – one person consuming them does not stop another ...

հանրային ապրանք

الاقتصاد; الاقتصاد الدولي

A good that is provided for users collectively, use by one not precluding use of the same units of the good by others.

վարկանիշ

الاقتصاد; علم الاقتصاد

A guide to the riskiness of a financial instrument provided by a ratings agency, such as Moody’s, Standard and Poor’s and Fitch IBCA. These measures of credit quality are mostly ...

նորմավորում

الاقتصاد; علم الاقتصاد

Although economists say that rationing is what the price mechanism does, what most people think of as rationing is an alternative to letting prices determine how scarce economic ...

իրական փոխարժեք

الاقتصاد; علم الاقتصاد

An exchange rate that has been adjusted to take account of any difference in the rate of inflation in the two countries whose currency is being exchanged.

իրական տոկոսադրույք

الاقتصاد; علم الاقتصاد

The interest rate less the rate of inflation.

անկում

الاقتصاد; علم الاقتصاد

Broadly speaking, a period of slow or negative economic growth, usually accompanied by rising unemployment. Economists have two more precise definitions of a recession. The first, ...