- المجال: Education
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In this 1823 statement of American foreign policy, President James Monroe declared that the United States would not allow European powers to create new colonies in the Western Hemisphere or to expand the boundaries of existing colonies.
Industry:History
The last leader of the Soviet Union, Gorbachev adopted policies of glastnost (political liberalization) and7 zstroika (economic reform).
Industry:History
Spokesman for the Nation of Islam, a black religious and political organization that advocated black owned businesses and castigated "white devils. " He achieved notoriety as a public speaker and recruiter of boxer Muhammad Ali to the organization. He left the Nation of Islam in 1964 to form the Organization of Afro American Unity in 1964, and was assassinated in 1965.
Industry:History
Soviet premier in the 1930s and 1940s, known for his violent purges of intenal political enemies and his suspicion of Western leaders, an ideology guided by two major German invasions into Russia.
Industry:History
Musical style based on improvisation within a band format, combining African traditions of repetition, call and response, and strong beat with European structure.
Industry:History
A secret organization founded in the southern states during Reconstruction to terrorize and intimidate former slaves and prevent them from voting or holding public office. Officially disbanded in 1869, a second anti black, anti Catholic, and anti Semitic Klan emerged in 1915 that aimed to preserve "Americanism. "
Industry:History
A massive foreign aid program to Western Europe of $17 billion over four years, beginning in 1948. Named after Secretary of State George Marshall, the program restored economic prosperity to the region and stabilized its system of democracy and capitalism.
Industry:History
An economic system built on the assumption that the world's supply of wealth is fixed and that nations must export more goods than they import to assure a steady supply of gold and silver into national coffers. Mercantile thinkers saw the inflow of such wealth as the key to maintaining and enhancing national power and self sufficiency. Within this context, the accumulation and development of colonies was of great importance, since colonies could supply scarce raw materials to parent nations and serve as markets for finished goods.
Industry:History
Georgia governor in 1970, and president in 1976. His progressive racial views reflected an emergent South less concerned with racial distinctions and more concerned with economic development and political power.
Industry:History
The Father of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights and a co founder of the Jeffersonian Republican party, Madison served as president during the War of 1812.
Industry:History
