- المجال: Government
- Number of terms: 41534
- Number of blossaries: 0
- Company Profile:
The amount by which available supplies are greater than the quantity that will bring producers an adequate income. A surplus may be due to production outrunning demand, a decline in consumption, or a general decline in consumer income or buying power. Historically, commodity programs have been designed to deal with "problems" of surplus, and the Secretary of Agriculture has had discretion to determine whether an item is in surplus and should be removed from market channels to shore up prices. Approaches have included cropland diversion to reduce production, long-term storage of excess supplies, and purchase and donation of surplus items for foreign or domestic food program use.
Industry:Agriculture
Water which occurs on the surface of the earth such as in rivers, streams, lakes and diffused on the surface of the land as runoff. The term is distinguished from groundwater although the two are often hydrologically interrelated.
Industry:Agriculture
Precipitation, snow melt, or irrigation water in excess of what can infiltrate the soil surface and be stored in small surface depressions; a major cause of erosion and transporter of nonpoint source pollutants.
Industry:Agriculture
A legislated minimum price for a particular commodity, maintained by USDA through a variety of mechanisms, such as nonrecourse loans and purchase programs.
Industry:Agriculture
Any of several government programs to influence the supply of farm products on the market. Some, such as acreage allotments and marketing quotas, are considered mandatory, in that farmers who produce or market in excess of assigned levels can be legally penalized. Others, such as cropland set-asides, acreage reductions and diversions, and farmer-held grain reserves, are considered voluntary, in that farmers are usually encouraged to participate through financial incentives.
Industry:Agriculture
Farm products shipped into this country that add to the output of U.S. agriculture. Examples include cattle, meat, fruit, vegetables, and tobacco.
Industry:Agriculture
For child nutrition programs, this refers to federally reimbursed snacks that are served to children in participating facilities. Also used to refer to the addition of nutrients in the diet by the use of vitamins.
Industry:Agriculture
The hazardous substance cleanup program created by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA, P.L. 99-499, December 11, 1980), as amended. The normal application of fertilizer is explicitly excluded from the definition of "release" under CERCLA. The name commonly applied to CERCLA and the funds generated under it for use in the program for cleaning up hazardous wastes improperly dumped in the past. The law gives the EPA authority to recover the costs of the cleanup from parties it determines were responsible for causing or contributing to the problem.
Industry:Agriculture
Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended by section 1302 of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, required the U.S. Trade Representative, within 30 days following the National Trade Estimates (foreign trade barriers) Report to Congress in 1989 and 1990, to identify U.S. trade liberalization priorities. This identification included priority trade barriers as well as priority countries and estimates of the amount by which U.S. exports would be increased if the barriers did not exist. USTR was required to initiated (regular) section 301 investigations on all priority practices within 21 days after submitting the report to the House Ways and Means and Senate Finance Committees. USTR was required to negotiate agreements which provided for the elimination of, or compensation for, the priority trade barriers within 3 years after the initiation of the investigation. This authority expired in 1990. However, since 1994, Super 301 has been implemented by USTR under an executive order of the President. Legislation introduced in the 106th Congress (S. 19 and S. 101) would establish a super 301 for agriculture.
Industry:Agriculture
Along with the Cottonseed Oil Assistance Program (COAP), SOAP was one of two programs under which bonuses were awarded to exporters of U.S. vegetable oil to assist in exports to targeted markets. The SOAP was authorized beginning in FY1988 with funds made available under Section 32 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1935. The provision in the Disaster Assistance Act of 1988, which had authorized the SOAP, expired at the end of FY1995 and was not extended in the FAIR Act of 1996. However, the USDA appropriations act for FY1996 (P.L. 104-37) provided authority to operate the program in FY1996. Export subsidies for sunflower oil can be financed under the Export Enhancement Program (EEP).
Industry:Agriculture
