- المجال: Education
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Founded in 1876, Texas A&M University is a U.S. public and comprehensive university offering a wide variety of academic programs far beyond its original label of agricultural and mechanical trainings. It is one of the few institutions holding triple federal designations as a land-, sea- and ...
The eastward continuation of the Kuroshio and Oyashio Extensions, with which it forms the southern limb of the North Pacific subpolar gyre. This is a broad band of eastward flow around 2000 km wide that, at some not well known location east of the Emperor Seamounts, becomes well distinguished from the two aforementioned narrower and strongly frontal flows that eventually merge into its broader flow. This current eventually turns north and, along with the Alaska Current, forms the eastward limb of the North Pacific subpolar gyre.
Industry:Earth science
The eigenfunctions of a linearized form of the governing equations of motion on a sphere, i.e. Laplace’s tidal equations, as first discovered by Hough (1898). Each Hough mode is a function of latitude and longitude and has three components: (1) a zonal (eastward) wind component, (2) a meridional (northward) wind component, and (3) a geopotential component. A distinct horizontal scale and frequency is associated with each mode, and the modes are orthogonal over the sphere in the continuous case. They are sometimes divided into two classes: (1) low-frequency Rossby-Hough modes that tend to satisfy the geostrophic relation and (2) higher frequency Hough modes that correspond to inertia-gravity waves. They can also be thought of as a generalized Fourier series in which the basis functions are the normal modes of a resting atmosphere.
Industry:Earth science
The energy contained within the turbulent portion of a flow.
Industry:Earth science
The exchange coefficient for the transfer of heat by eddies in turbulent flow, i.e. eddy heat flux. This is also called the eddy conduction coefficient. eddy diffusivity
Industry:Earth science
The exchange of heat between a moisture-containing surface and atmosphere resulting mainly from the evaporation at the surface and the later condensation within the atmosphere. This is an indirect transfer of heat associated with the phase transitions of water, between liquid and vapor at the surface and later between vapor and liquid or solid phases.
Industry:Earth science
The excitation of short period (on the order of minutes) sea level oscillations near a coast by the passage of atmospheric pressure gravity waves.
Industry:Earth science
The first large scale international field experiment of GARP. It was conducted in 1974 and aimed at the study of energetics and dynamics of cloud clusters that drift from the African continent out over the Atlantic Ocean, where they modulate convection in the ITCZ.
Industry:Earth science
The first quantitative theory of the tidal evolution of the Earth-Moon system was presented in a series of papers by George Darwin (Darwin (1879), Darwin (1880b), and Darwin (1880a)) in the latter part of the 19th century where he showed that tidal friction can radically change the Moon’s motion and the Earth’s rotation on geologic time scales. One consequence of this theory is that paleotides had different periods.
Industry:Earth science
The flow through and over the 600 m sill depth in the Denmark Strait between Iceland and Greenland. This is thought to be around 3.0 Sv of which 2.5 Sv is Arctic Intermediate Water and 0.5 Sv is Upper Polar Deep Water. The mixture of these water masses after they pass the strait is called Northwest Atlantic Bottom Water (NWABW). This is the coldest and densest of the source waters for North Atlantic Deep Water and is characterizied by a salinity minimum.
Industry:Earth science
The flux of heat between the ocean surface and atmosphere that results mainly from their difference in temperature. The heat exchange is accompished via molecular conduction in the first few millimeters above the surface and via turbulent mixing and convection above that. The flux is usually from the ocean to the atmosphere during the day and opposite during the evening and night.
Industry:Earth science
