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Founded in 1876, Texas A&M University is a U.S. public and comprehensive university offering a wide variety of academic programs far beyond its original label of agricultural and mechanical trainings. It is one of the few institutions holding triple federal designations as a land-, sea- and ...
In physical oceanography, this is a consequence of the double diffusion phenomena. If a layer of colder, fresher water overlies a layer of warmer, saltier water, the differences in molecular diffusivities between salt and heat will cause the water just above/below the interface to become lighter/heavier than that above/below it and thus it will tend to rise/sink. The phenomenon, called layering, can lead to fairly homogeneous layers separated by thinner regions with large gradients.
Industry:Earth science
In physical oceanography, this is a consequence of the double diffusion phenomena. If a layer of warmer, saltier water overlies a layer of cooler, fresher water such that the density of the upper layer is equal to or less than the density of the lower layer, the saltier water at the interface will lose heat to the cooler water below faster than it will lose salt because of the differences in molecular diffusivities. This may cause the water immediately above/below the interface to become denser/lighter which will cause it to sink/rise to the lower/upper layer. These fallings and risings occur in thin columns and the process is referred to as salt fingering, and the process of the water actually moving as double diffusive convection (also thermohaline or thermosolutal convection).
Industry:Earth science
In physical oceanography, this is a water mass which originates from the Polar Front formed between the Kuroshio and the Oyashio in the western North Pacific Ocean. It is formed chiefly by the process of mixing of surface and deeper waters and subducted into the subtropical gyre, filling the northern Pacific south of 40° N from the east. This is one of the few water masses whose formation process has little to do with atmosphere-ocean interaction. It is characterized by a salinity minimum ranging from about 300-1000 m depth and a large east-west salinity gradient in the South Pacific.
Industry:Earth science
In radiation transfer, the fraction of incoming radiation that is reflected from a medium. The sum of this, the transmittance, and the absorptance must equal unity.
Industry:Earth science
In radiation transfer, the fraction of incoming radiation that is transmitted into or through a medium. The sum of this, the absorptance, and the reflectance must equal unity.
Industry:Earth science
In signal processing, to pick out values from an analog signal, usually at regular intervals, to create a corresponding digital signal.
Industry:Earth science
In surface gravity wave generation theories, the length of water over which a wind is blowing. The wave height is completely determined in such theories by the fetch, the duration over which the wind blows, and the velocity of the wind.
Industry:Earth science
In the description of tides, the magnitude of the ebb current at the time of maximum speed. This is usually associated with lunar tide phases at spring tides near perigee or with maximum river discharge. This is also known as ebb strength.
Industry:Earth science
In the modeling of fluid turbulence, a technique in which eddies above a certain size are directly simulated and the effects of those of smaller size are parameterized in terms of some variable at the larger scale.
Industry:Earth science
In the numerical modeling of ocean circulation, this is a process wherein, after each time step, the vertical potential density gradient is calculated and, if densier water anywhere overlies lighter water, the densities are mixed such that a state of either a neutral or slightly positive stability is created. This process numerically mimics the convective overturning processes observed and inferred in the real ocean at locations such as the Weddell Sea, although the real process takes place at spatial scales on the order of a kilometer or less while the model resolution is such that the spacing between grid points is usually much greater than this.
Industry:Earth science
