- المجال: Education
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Founded in 1876, Texas A&M University is a U.S. public and comprehensive university offering a wide variety of academic programs far beyond its original label of agricultural and mechanical trainings. It is one of the few institutions holding triple federal designations as a land-, sea- and ...
An IOC program originating with the formation of an Ad hoc Intergovernmental Panel on Harmful Algal Blooms (IPHAB) in 1991. The panel was requested to identify adequate resources for a sufficiently broad program to solve some of the problems caused by algal blooms. The first session of IPHAB was held in 1992 and the HAB Program plan was adopted in 1993.
Industry:Earth science
An IOC project established in 1961 to “enhance marine research, exploration and development by facilitating the exchange of oceanographic data and information between participating member states.” The IODE system is composed of a committee which governs the development and operations of the system and a number of data centers that carry out the activities established by the committee. The data center structure is composed of three components: NODCs, RNODCs, and WDCs.
Industry:Earth science
An IOC project that uses merchant and other volunteer ships that transit a series of tracklines over existing trade routes. These ships deploy XBTs and other sampling instrumentation to obtain upper ocean thermal and salinity data. The primary goal of SOOP is the fulfill upper ocean data requirements established by GOOS and GCOS, which can be met at present by measurements from ships of opportunity.
Industry:Earth science
An IOC-coordinated project for the establishment of a strategic gloval core network of about 300 tide gauges around the world for long term climate change and oceanographic sea level monitoring. These gauges are spaced about 1000 km apart along coastlines and on oceanic islands and provide hourly-resolution standardized sea level data.
Industry:Earth science
An IODE project started in 1993 to increase the volume of historical oceanographic data available to climate change and other researchers by locating sets not yet in digital form and ensuring their submission to one of the national data centers. The specific goals of the project include:
digitization of data currently existing only in manuscript and/or analog form;
ensuring that all oceanographic data available for international exchange in archived at two or more data centers in digital form;
preparing inventories of data currently available only in manuscript or analog form, and digital data not presently available internationally; and
making all data accessible on various media.
Industry:Earth science
An ISOS program consisting of a series of experiments to obtain measurements of various quantities in the Drake Passage. One took place in 1977 (DRAKE 77) and another in 1979 (DRAKE 79). DRAKE 79 was a year long (1979–1980) measurement program spanning the entire Drake Passage. The current meter array consisted of two major parts. The main line (ML) array was designed to measure the total transport through the passage, and a cluster of moorings in the central passage was a mapping and statistics (MS) array for sampling the flow variability in the Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ). The current meters were positioned at nominal depths of 500 m and 2500 m on all moorings, and at 1400 m on the MS moorings.
Industry:Earth science
An isotope of radium that is useful as a tracer in ocean studies. It is the 5.75 year half-life daughter of thorium-232. Thorium, a highly insoluble substance, is delivered to shelf and deep ocean sediments chiefly in detritus of continental origin. This decays into radium which dissolves off the particles and diffuses into the water column where it is mixed by diffusion and advection. This leads to a generic profile with a relative maxima at the surface and near bottom with the surface concentration decreasing with increasing distance from the shore (and the near-surface shelf sediment sources).
Industry:Earth science
An MTP Core Sub-project whose aims are to monitor the evolution of the physical and chemical characteristics of western deep water and the detect similar changes in the different Mediterranean basins, to describe and quantify transfer processes at air–land–sea interfaces, and to give a new picture of phytoplankton distribution, new production and chemical transfers.
Industry:Earth science
An multiyear program to monitor the structure and variability of the Gulf Stream. This is accomplished by a container vessel Oleander operating on a weekly schedule between Port Elizabeth, New Jersey, and Hamilton, Bermuda. It is equipped with a 150 kHz narrowband acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) to measure currents from the surface to about 300 m depth. A major objective of the program is to study the annual cycle and interannual variations in velocity structure and transport by the Gulf Stream.
Industry:Earth science
An NSF global change program. The goals of ARCS are to understand the chemical, physical, biological and social processes of the arctic system that interacts with the total earth system and thus contributes to or is influenced by global change in order to advance the scientific basis for predicting environmental change on a decade to centuries time scale.
Industry:Earth science
