- المجال: Education
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Founded in 1876, Texas A&M University is a U.S. public and comprehensive university offering a wide variety of academic programs far beyond its original label of agricultural and mechanical trainings. It is one of the few institutions holding triple federal designations as a land-, sea- and ...
A temperature defined to include the buoyant effects of liquid water in the air. It is calculated identically to the virtual temperature.
Industry:Earth science
A temperature inversion in a thin near-surface ocean layer with a thickness of several millimeters. This is a source of uncertainty in radiometric measurements. The inversion layer, created mainly by evaporation, results in an underestimation of the SST compared with what it would be as determined by conventional methods in a layer with a thickness ranging from several tens of centimeters to several meters.
Industry:Earth science
A temperature scale created to provide an operational method for measuring temperatures that is precise and reproducible.
Industry:Earth science
A term introduced by V. W. Ekman in 1923 to describe motion turning to the left (right) in the northern (southern) hemisphere, i.e. cyclonic motion. This is the reverse of cum sole.
Industry:Earth science
A term used for the European shelf seas to the west and south of the British Isles. These include the Hebrides and Malin shelves west of Scotland, the Irish Shelf, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea.
Industry:Earth science
A term used long ago to collectively refer to the Indian Ocean, the Red Sea, the Persian Gulf, the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov, the Adriatic Sea and the Caspian Sea. The term is no longer much used although it is generally conceded that a modern and more geographically generous grouping would be the Arctic Ocean, the Southern Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the North and South Atlantic Ocean and the North and South Pacific Ocean.
Industry:Earth science
A term used to collectively refer to the fairly shallow Barents Sea and three deep ocean regions: the Norwegian Sea, the Greenland Sea and the Iceland Sea. The deep parts of the latter three are separated from another by deep submarine ridges. The Nordic Seas are separated from the North Atlantic to the south by the Greenland–Scotland Ridge, and are connected to the Arctic Ocean to the north via the 2200 m deep Fram Strait. The Nordic Seas along with the Arctic Ocean are collectively referred to as the Arctic Mediterranean.
Industry:Earth science
A theorem stating that in an incompressible Boussinesq fluid that is homogeneous and inviscid a quantity called the potential vorticity is conserved.
Industry:Earth science
A theorem that concerns the conditions under which hydrostatic equilibrium obtains. It states that hydrostatic equilibrium is impossible if density variaitons occur on level surfaces.
Industry:Earth science
A theorem that is a consequence of both vorticity and enstrophy being conserved in the two-dimensional flow an inviscid homogeneous fluid. It states that the transfer of energy from one scale to a smaller (larger) scale must be accompanied by the simultaneous transfer to a larger (smaller) scale. This result of 2-D turbulence contrast strongly with those from 3-D turbulence where 3-D stretching and twisting terms allow other avenues for energy transfer. This is also known as the anti-cascade theorem.
Industry:Earth science
