- المجال: Oil & gas
- Number of terms: 8814
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To add a length of drillpipe to the drillstring to continue drilling. In what is called jointed pipe drilling, joints of drillpipe, each about 30 ft (9 m) long, are screwed together as the well is drilled. When the bit on the bottom of the drillstring has drilled down to where the kelly or topdrive at the top of the drillstring nears the drillfloor, the drillstring between the two must be lengthened by adding a joint or a stand (usually three joints) to the drillstring. Once the rig crew is ready, the driller stops the rotary, picks up off bottom to expose a threaded connection below the kelly and turns the pumps off. The crew sets the slips to grip the drillstring temporarily, unscrews that threaded connection and screws the kelly (or topdrive) into the additional joint (or stand) of pipe. The driller picks that joint or stand up to allow the crew to screw the bottom of that pipe into the top of the temporarily hanging drillstring. The driller then picks up the entire drillstring to remove the slips, carefully lowers the drillstring while starting the pumps and rotary, and resumes drilling when the bit touches bottom. A skilled rig crew can physically accomplish all of those steps in a minute or two.
Industry:Oil & gas
To accurately place a fluid, or fluid interface, at a given position within the wellbore. Treatment fluids such as cement slurries and stimulation fluids for localized treatment often require accurate placement. Correctly calculating and pumping the appropriate volume of displacement fluid while taking account of well production, wellbore returns and fluid-density variations are key factors in achieving accurate placement of fluids.
Industry:Oil & gas
Time, in seconds for one quart of mud to flow through a Marsh funnel. This is not a true viscosity, but serves as a qualitative measure of how thick the mud sample is. The funnel viscosity is useful only for relative comparisons.
Industry:Oil & gas
The working platform approximately halfway up the derrick or mast in which the derrickman stores drillpipe and drill collars in an orderly fashion during trips out of the hole. The entire platform consists of a small section from which the derrickman works (called the monkeyboard), and several steel fingers with slots between them that keep the tops of the drillpipe in place.
Industry:Oil & gas
The wellbore itself, including the openhole or uncased portion of the well. Borehole may refer to the inside diameter of the wellbore wall, the rock face that bounds the drilled hole.
Industry:Oil & gas
The weight, or net volume, of solid particles that fall into each of the various size ranges, given as a percentage of the total solids of all sizes in the sample of interest. Particle size can be determined by sieve analysis, light scattering, passage through an electrically charged orifice, settling rate or other methods. Data are typically shown as a histogram chart with percentage-smaller-than on the y-axis and size ranges on the x-axis. Mud engineers use such data to operate solids-control equipment effectively. Particle-size distributions are used to evaluate bridging materials for drill-in and completion fluids. Barite and hematite samples are examined to ensure performance without excessive wear on equipment and as an API/ISO quality specification.
Industry:Oil & gas
The weight of any cementitious material or blend based on the absolute volume of the cement. The term is normally used to define a 鈥渟ack鈥?of cement blend in which part of the cement has been replaced, on an absolute volume basis, by a pozzolanic material such as fly ash.
Industry:Oil & gas
The weight per unit volume of a cement slurry, usually given in units of kg/m<sup>3</sup> or lbm/gal. Typical oil- or gas-well slurries have densities of 1380 kg/m<sup>3</sup> to 2280 kg/m<sup>3</sup> (11. 5 lbm/gal to 19. 0 lbm/gal), although special techniques, such as foamed cementing and particle-size distribution cementing, extend this range to 840 kg/m<sup>3</sup> to 2760 kg/m<sup>3</sup> (7 lbm/gal to 23 lbm/gal).
Industry:Oil & gas
The water content of air compared to the water content that the air could hold if it were saturated, expressed as a percentage. Air in equilibrium with fresh water is saturated with water vapor, so its RH = 100%. Air above a saturated NaCl solution has RH = 75%. Air above a saturated CaCl<sub>2</sub> solution has RH = 31%. RH can, therefore, be used as an indicator of the water activity of a solution with which air is in equilibrium. RH can also reflect the aqueous-phase activity of an oil-emulsion mud, the basis for the Chenevert Method for testing oil muds.
Industry:Oil & gas
The volume percent (or fraction) of a mud that is not captured in the receiver when performing the water, oil and solids test as prescribed by API, as given in the equation below. <br><center><img src="files/OGL99115. Gif" alt="Retort solids (#2)" border="0" vspace="8" /></center><br>Retort solids thus include suspended solids, dissolved solids (salts), charred organic materials and volatile materials that do not condense. For calculations, retort solids are normally assumed to be only suspended and dissolved solids, as in the equation below. <br><center><img src="files/OGL99116. Gif" alt="Retort solids" border="0" vspace="8" /></center><br>Volume percent suspended solids (weighting material plus drill solids) is of particular interest to mud engineers. To calculate that percentage, the volume increase caused by the dissolved salts is determined from filtrate analyses of chloride and calcium ions. For oil muds, the calculations are more complicated.
Industry:Oil & gas
