- المجال: Oil & gas
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One of the instruments that the driller uses to monitor and improve the operating efficiencies of the drilling operation. The actual measurement of weight is made with a hydraulic gauge attached to the dead line of the drilling line. As tension increases in the drilling line, more hydraulic fluid is forced through the instrument, turning the hands of the indicator. The weight that is measured includes everything exerting tension on the wire rope, including the traveling blocks and cable itself. Hence, to have an accurate weight measurement of the drillstring, the driller must first make a zero offset adjustment to account for the traveling blocks and items other than the drillstring. Then the indicated weight will represent the drillstring (drillpipe and bottomhole assembly). However, the driller is only nominally interested in this weight for most operations. The weight of interest is the weight applied to the bit on the bottom of the hole. The driller could simply take the rotating and hanging off bottom weight, say 300,000 pounds (136,200 kg), and subtract from that the amount of rotating on bottom weight, say 250,000 pounds (113,500 kg), to get a bit weight of 50,000 pounds (22,700 kg). However, most rigs are equipped with a weight indicator that has a second indicator dial that can be set to read zero ("zeroed") with the drillstring hanging free, and works backwards from the main indicator dial. After proper zeroing, any weight set on bottom (that takes weight away from the main dial), has the effect of adding weight to this secondary dial, so that the driller can read weight on bit directly from the dial.
Industry:Oil & gas
One of several flow characteristics of a material, such as a drilling fluid, completion fluid, workover fluid or cement. Shear-stress measurements made at a minimum of two shear rates are needed to define the properties of these oilfield fluids. Three parameters are sometimes used to better define fluid behavior. "Rheological properties" most often refers to the Bingham plastic fluid parameters, PV (plastic viscosity) and YP (yield point), as measured by the direct-indicating rheometer. The power-law fluid model parameters, exponent (n) and consistency (k), apply to polymer muds, although the three-parameter Herschel-Bulkley model is a better fit to polymer muds. Brookfield viscometers measure flow properties at low shear rates to determine suspension and transport of cuttings in high-angle holes.
Industry:Oil & gas
One of a group of organic compounds of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) in which the carbon atoms have linear, branched chain (open), or both types of structures. Aliphatics, as they are informally called, can be divided into paraffinic (saturated) and olefinic (unsaturated) chain types. The simplest aliphatic, paraffinic hydrocarbon is methane, CH<sub>4</sub>. The simplest aliphatic, olefinic hydrocarbon is ethylene, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>. In drilling fluids, particularly oil-base muds, the amounts and types of hydrocarbon in the mud can be an important parameter in overall performance of the mud.
Industry:Oil & gas
На основе веса эквивалент частей на миллион, обычно применяются в небольших количествах одного твердого перемешанного с другой твердый, например 100 мг/кг Сидерит в барита, так же, как 100 ppm.
Industry:Oil & gas
On an offshore jackup drilling rig, the deck below the rotary table and rig floor where workers can access the BOP stack. This platform surrounds the base of the BOP stack and is suspended from the cantilever (where the rig floor is located) by adjustable cables. It is accessed from the main deck of the jackup barge by a semipermanent stairwell. The Texas deck is used primarily for installing the wellhead and nippling the BOP stack up and down.
Industry:Oil & gas
On a weight per volume basis, the SI unit of concentration, abbreviated mg/L, usually applied to dissolved material in a solution. This unit is used in water analyses and in mud and mud-filtrate analyses. Increasingly, mg/L and ppm are used interchangeably in mud analyses. Actually, mg/L and ppm can only be interchanged when the sample has the exact density of water, which is only approximated by very dilute solutions.
Industry:Oil & gas
Nonaqueous, water-internal (invert) emulsion muds in which the external phase is a synthetic fluid rather than an oil. This and other more minor changes in formulations have made synthetic fluids in muds more environmentally acceptable for offshore use. Synthetic muds are popular in most offshore drilling areas, despite high initial mud costs, because of their environmental acceptance and approval to dispose of cuttings into the water. "Oil mud" should not be used to describe synthetic-base muds.
Industry:Oil & gas
Грязи используются для бурения скважины от поверхности к глубине. Гуаровая камедь или соляные лари широко используются в оффшор как ступенчатый грязи. Береговых Спуд грязи обычно является водной основе грязи, содержащие бентонитовой глины, которая является хлопьевидных с известью. В поверхности отверстия большого диаметра хлопьевидных на основе глины грязи можно удалить черенки большого гравия, встретившихся на небольшой глубине и является простым и недорогим.
Industry:Oil & gas
Родной глины, которые обычно не подходят для использования в буровой раствор на основе глины. Маломощные глины считаются бурового шлама, хотя они могут дать высокие значения для бентонит эквивалент в грязи по данным теста метиленовым синим.
Industry:Oil & gas
