- المجال: Oil & gas
- Number of terms: 8814
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The mineral form of ferric oxide (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>). The hematite ore used as a weighting material in drilling muds has a mica-like crystal structure that grinds to particle size suitable for use in drilling fluids. To check for potential wear, an abrasion test is usually run on hematite as a quality control pilot test.
Industry:Oil & gas
The member of the rig crew responsible for maintenance of the engines. While all members of the rig crew help with major repairs, the motorman does routine preventive maintenance and minor repairs.
Industry:Oil & gas
The mechanism on the drawworks that permits the driller to control the speed and motion of the drilling line and the drillstring, or the brake handle that the driller operates to control the brake mechanism.
Industry:Oil & gas
The mechanism by which partially hydrated cuttings stick to parts of the bottomhole assembly and accumulate as a compacted, layered deposit.
Industry:Oil & gas
The measurement versus depth or time, or both, of one or more physical quantities in or around a well. The term comes from the word "log" used in the sense of a record or a note. Wireline logs are taken downhole, transmitted through a wireline to surface and recorded there. Measurements-while-drilling (MWD) and logging while drilling (LWD) logs are also taken downhole. They are either transmitted to surface by mud pulses, or else recorded downhole and retrieved later when the instrument is brought to surface. Mud logs that describe samples of drilled cuttings are taken and recorded on surface.
Industry:Oil & gas
The measurement of formation properties during the excavation of the hole, or shortly thereafter, through the use of tools integrated into the bottomhole assembly. <br><br>LWD, while sometimes risky and expensive, has the advantage of measuring properties of a formation before drilling fluids invade deeply. Further, many wellbores prove to be difficult or even impossible to measure with conventional wireline tools, especially highly deviated wells. In these situations, the LWD measurement ensures that some measurement of the subsurface is captured in the event that wireline operations are not possible. <br><br>Timely LWD data can also be used to guide well placement so that the wellbore remains within the zone of interest or in the most productive portion of a reservoir, such as in highly variable shale reservoirs.
Industry:Oil & gas
The mass per unit volume of a drilling fluid, synonymous with mud density. Weight is reported in lbm/gal (also known as ppg), kg/m<sup>3</sup> or g/cm<sup>3</sup> (also called specific gravity or SG), lb/ft<sup>3</sup> or in hydrostatic gradient, lb/in<sup>2</sup>/ft (psi/ft) or pptf (psi/1000 ft). Mud weight controls hydrostatic pressure in a wellbore and prevents unwanted flow into the well. The weight of the mud also prevents collapse of casing and the openhole. Excessive mud weight can cause lost circulation by propagating, and then filling, fractures in the rock. Mud weight (density) test procedures using a mud balance have been standardized and published by the API.
Industry:Oil & gas
The magnitude of pressure exerted on a formation that causes fluid to be forced into the formation. The fluid may be flowing into the pore spaces of the rock or into cracks opened and propagated into the formation by the fluid pressure. This term is normally associated with a test to determine the strength of the rock, commonly called a pressure integrity test (PIT) or a leakoff test (LOT). During the test, a real-time plot of injected fluid versus fluid pressure is plotted. The initial stable portion of this plot for most wellbores is a straight line, within the limits of the measurements. The leakoff is the point of permanent deflection from that straight portion. The well designer must then either adjust plans for the well to this leakoff pressure, or if the design is sufficiently conservative, proceed as planned.
Industry:Oil & gas
The machine used to drill a wellbore. In onshore operations, the rig includes virtually everything except living quarters. Major components of the rig include the mud tanks, the mud pumps, the derrick or mast, the drawworks, the rotary table or topdrive, the drillstring, the power generation equipment and auxiliary equipment. Offshore, the rig includes the same components as onshore, but not those of the vessel or drilling platform itself. The rig is sometimes referred to as the drilling package, particularly offshore.
Industry:Oil & gas
The machine on the rig consisting of a large-diameter steel spool, brakes, a power source and assorted auxiliary devices. The primary function of the drawworks is to reel out and reel in the drilling line, a large diameter wire rope, in a controlled fashion. The drilling line is reeled over the crown block and traveling block to gain mechanical advantage in a "block and tackle" or "pulley" fashion. This reeling out and in of the drilling line causes the traveling block, and whatever may be hanging underneath it, to be lowered into or raised out of the wellbore. The reeling out of the drilling line is powered by gravity and reeling in by an electric motor or diesel engine.
Industry:Oil & gas
