- المجال: Oil & gas
- Number of terms: 8814
- Number of blossaries: 0
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An inspection of a pipeline to check for leaks, washouts or other abnormal conditions. A pipeline patrol is commonly performed using airplanes.
Industry:Oil & gas
An in-situ measurement of the thickness of a casing or tubing string using an electromagnetic technique. The result is presented as a type of casing-inspection log, giving an estimate of metal loss and detecting corrosion. In the usual method, a coil centered inside the casing generates an alternating magnetic field. Another coil farther up the tool measures the phase shift introduced by the casing. This phase shift depends on the casing-wall thickness and internal diameter, as well as the casing conductivity and magnetic permeability. The effects change at different frequencies, so that by varying the frequency, the thickness and internal diameter can be uniquely determined. <br>Electromagnetic thickness can also be measured using other techniques, for example from a casing-potential profile or a flux-leakage measurement.
Industry:Oil & gas
An in-situ measurement of the inside diameter of a casing or tubing using an electromagnetic technique. As with the electromagnetic thickness measurement, and usually measured at the same time, a coil centered inside the casing generates an alternating magnetic field. Another coil farther up the tool measures the phase shift introduced by the casing. At high frequency, the signal penetrates less than a tenth of a millimeter into the casing, and the phase shift can be related to the casing internal diameter. <br>Unlike a mechanical or ultrasonic caliper, the measurement does not respond to nonmagnetic scale. For the purpose of determining the true internal diameter, this is a disadvantage, but for the purpose of determining corrosion, it is an advantage.
Industry:Oil & gas
An in-situ measurement of the flow profile made by pumping different fluids down the tubing and casing and observing the interface between them. The fluids are normally both water, but one may be fresh and the other salty, or else one may contain some tracer, so that the interface can be detected by a production-logging tool. After the tubing is run to the bottom of the well, an interface is introduced by one of two methods. In the static method, the total flow rate is held constant and the relative flow rate of the two streams is changed. The location of the interface after each change is used to determine the flow profile. In the dynamic method, one fluid is pumped at different rates. The log was used in the 1950s and 1960s but is now used rarely, having been replaced by fluid-density logs and others.
Industry:Oil & gas
An in-situ combustion method for producing heavy oil. In this technique, the fireflooding starts from a vertical well, while the oil is produced from a horizontal well having its toe in close proximity to the vertical air-injection well. This production method is a modification of conventional fire flooding techniques in which the flame front from a vertical well pushes the oil to be produced from another vertical well.
Industry:Oil & gas
An injection pattern in which the injection wells are located in a straight line parallel to the production wells. In a line drive pattern, the injected fluid, which is normally water, steam or gas, creates a nearly linear frontal movement. A line drive pattern is also called direct line drive.
Industry:Oil & gas
An injection pattern in which four production wells are located at the corners of a square and the injector well sits in the center.
Industry:Oil & gas
An injection pattern in which four input or injection wells are located at the corners of a square and the production well sits in the center. The injection fluid, which is normally water, steam or gas, is injected simultaneously through the four injection wells to displace the oil toward the central production well.
Industry:Oil & gas
An inference or deduction made using Bayes' theorem. Bayesian inference also is used in performing stochastic analyses of geological scenarios or building stochastic models of geological environments.
Industry:Oil & gas
An induction tool or log that consists of several mutually balanced arrays whose signals are recorded separately and combined in software to produce the response desired. Typically, there is one transmitter and five to ten pairs of receivers and bucking coils that are balanced to remove direct coupling. The signals are combined in a wide variety of ways to produce the responses desired, as for example, deep-reading, high vertical resolution or some combination of both. There are trade-offs in any response. For example, a deep-reading log typically will not have high vertical resolution. If it does, it will be more sensitive to the invasion condition and cave effect.
Industry:Oil & gas
