- المجال: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
The stage on a fixed river gauge corresponding to the top of the lowest banks within the reach for which the gauge is used as an index. Compare flood stage.
Industry:Weather
The south wind that keeps down vegetation in the Montague-Noire region of France.
Industry:Weather
The smoked glass slide used in a bathythermograph to obtain a record of temperature as a function of depth.
Industry:Weather
The set of rules describing the arrangement of hydrogen atoms in an “ideal” ice crystal. These rules are 1) Each water molecule is oriented such that its two hydrogen atoms are directed approximately toward two of the four surrounding oxygen atoms (arranged almost in a tetrahedron); 2) only one hydrogen atom is present on each O-O linkage; and 3) each oxygen atom has two nearest neighboring hydrogen atoms such that the water molecule structure is preserved. Violations of these rules lead to structural defects in ice, responsible, among other things, for its electrical conductivity and its long (10-4 s) electrical relaxation time.
Industry:Weather
The semipermanent subtropical high of the North Atlantic Ocean, so named especially when it is located in the western part of the ocean. This same high, when displaced toward the eastern part of the Atlantic, is known as the Azores high. On mean charts of sea level pressure, this high is a principal center of action. Warm and humid conditions prevail over the eastern United States, particularly in summer, when the Bermuda high is well developed and extends westward.
Industry:Weather
The scattering of radiant energy into the hemisphere of space bounded by a plane normal to the direction of the incident radiation and lying on the same side as the incident ray; the opposite of forward scatter. Atmospheric backward scatter depletes 6%–9% of the incident solar beam before it reaches the earth's surface. In radar usage, backscatter refers only to that radiation scattered at 180° to the direction of the incident wave.
Industry:Weather
The return flow of water down the beach as a result of wave action; the opposite of swash.
Industry:Weather
The relationship between surface kinematic flux of any meteorological variable to the product of wind speed times the difference of that variable between the surface and some reference height, usually taken as 10 m AGL. For example, the bulk transfer law for kinematic heat flux at the surface is , where CH is the bulk transfer coefficient for heat, M is wind speed, θs is the potential temperature of the surface, w′ is the fluctuation in vertical velocity, θs′ is the fluctuation in potential temperature, the overbar indicates an average, and θ10m is the potential temperature at height 10 m AGL.
Industry:Weather
