- المجال: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
Organic free radicals formed from the addition of oxygen to alkyl radicals. Their major atmospheric reaction, with NO, is an integral component of ozone generation in the troposphere.
Industry:Weather
Hydrocarbon species (also known as paraffins) with general formula CnH2n + 2 where n is an integer. Alkanes contain only saturated bonds and are relatively unreactive in the atmosphere, where they react by hydrogen abstraction to form alkyl radicals. Major sources include natural gas emissions, biomass burning, evaporative emissions, and fuel combustion.
Industry:Weather
The southern, eastward flowing current of the subpolar gyre in the North Pacific. It is fed by the outflow from the Oyashio and lies north of the North Pacific Current, with which it establishes the polar front in the west and experiences much water exchange as it proceeds eastward. As it approaches the coast of North America, it divides to form the northward flowing Alaska Current and the southward flowing California Current.
Industry:Weather
The relative acidity of any solution expressed in a pH range of numbers. The pH value is the negative common logarithm of the hydrogen-ion concentration in a solution, expressed in moles per liter of solution. A neutral solution, that is, one that is neither acidic nor alkaline, such as pure water, has a concentration of 10 moles per liter; its pH is thus 7. Acidic solutions have pH values ranging with decreasing acidity from 0 to nearly 7; alkaline or basic solutions have a pH ranging with increasing alkalinity from just beyond 7 to 14. In seawater, the alkalinity is a measure of the excess of hydroxyl ions over hydrogen ions, generally expressed as milliequivalents per liter.
Industry:Weather
Generally, the process of providing nourishment or sustenance; thus, in glaciology, the combined processes that serve to increase the mass of a glacier or snowfield; the opposite of ablation. The deposition of snow is the major form of glacial alimentation, but other forms of precipitation along with sublimation, refreezing of meltwater, etc. Also contribute. The additional mass produced by alimentation is termed accumulation.
Industry:Weather
A genetic scheme, based on physical causes (i.e., circulation types, airmass types, fronts, etc. ), for classifying climate proposed by Alisov in the 1950s as distinct from an empirical method based almost entirely on observations.
Industry:Weather
A stationary instrument, mounted on a stand, that measures the angle subtended at the stand by the horizon and an object in space. The clinometer is a portable form of alidade frequently used with a ceiling projector to determine the height of clouds. An alidade usually measures the elevation angle only; a theodolite measures azimuth as well.
Industry:Weather
1. The introduction of error in the Fourier analysis of a discrete sampling from continuous data, by which frequencies too high to be analyzed with the discrete sampling interval erroneously contribute to the amplitude of the lower frequencies. Aliasing can be avoided by filtering out the high frequencies (using slower-response instruments or analog electronic circuits) before sampling or digitizing. See also Nyquist frequency. 2. In radar, sodar, and lidar, the folding of target returns from outside the normal unambiguous range interval (range folding) into the normal range interval, or the folding of radial velocity measurements outside the unambiguous velocity interval (velocity folding) into the normal velocity interval.
Industry:Weather
A fixed step-by-step procedure to accomplish a given result; usually a simplified procedure for solving a complex problem; also a full statement of a finite number of steps.
Industry:Weather
A narrow intense current along the Algerian coast in which the transport of water from the Atlantic Ocean into the Mediterranean Sea is concentrated. It originates from the Almeria–Oran front and for the first 300 km is less than 30 km wide, with average speeds of 0. 4 m s−1 and maximum speeds of 0. 8 m s−1.
Industry:Weather
