- المجال: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
Inorganic salt, formula NH4NO3, formed from the neutralization of nitric acid by ammonia. Ammonium nitrate is a deliquescent solid with a low vapor pressure, which consequently forms in the atmosphere when high concentrations of ammonia and nitric acid occur, for example, in polluted urban areas. It is thought to sometimes make up a considerable fraction of the urban aerosol present in smog episodes. See deliquescence.
Industry:Weather
Hydrated form of ammonia, NH4+; ammonium sulfate and perhaps ammonium nitrate are common in atmospheric aerosol, formed by partial neutralization of sulfuric acid and nitric acid, respectively.
Industry:Weather
Inorganic salt, formula NH4Cl, formed from the neutralization of hydrochloric acid by ammonia. Ammonium chloride is a low vapor pressure solid, which deliquesces when the relative humidity exceeds 80%. It is thought to be present in the urban aerosol present in smog episodes. See deliquescence.
Industry:Weather
The conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonia or ammonium ion by heterotrophic bacteria (ammonifiers) involved in the decomposition of organic matter.
Industry:Weather
A colorless gas, formula NH3, with a sharp, irritating odor, having a density about six- tenths that of air at the same temperature and pressure (0. 7720 g cm−3 at STP). A reduced nitrogen gas, NH3 is emitted in large quantities from animal feedstocks, sewerage plants, etc. Ammonia is very soluble in water and is scavenged from the lower atmosphere by clouds. It is the most abundant alkaline gas in the atmosphere and as such plays a large role in neutralizing acidity from sulfuric and nitric acids via formation of the ammonium ion. Large quantities of ammonia gas, and probably even ammonia crystals, occur in the atmospheres of the large planets Saturn and Jupiter. See air.
Industry:Weather
The temperature that is characteristic of the atmosphere surrounding a small-scale feature such as a cumulus cloud.
Industry:Weather
In radar, a two-dimensional function of radar range and Doppler frequency, determined by the transmitted waveform, that defines the effective filter response of the radar receiver. The ambiguity function is used to examine the suitability of different transmitted waveforms for achieving accuracy, resolution, freedom from ambiguities, and reduction of unwanted clutter. In particular, it defines 1) the sidelobe response to a complex radar waveform at different Doppler frequencies, and 2) the response of a receiver to targets at other ranges and Doppler frequencies from the desired target. The ambiguity function applies to both point targets and distributed targets.
Industry:Weather
The air pressure that is characteristic of the atmosphere surrounding a small- scale feature such as a cumulus cloud.
Industry:Weather
1. Background, environmental, or surrounding air. When studying the dynamic and thermodynamic processes acting on an individual element such as an air parcel, cloud, smoke plume, raindrop, or ice crystal, ambient air represents the atmosphere outside of that element. The ambient air is often assumed to be static and of relatively large domain, within which the element resides. 2. The air that surrounds us, within which we live. When air pollutants of high concentration from exhaust or stack gases are emitted into cleaner air, the resulting polluted mixture is called the ambient air. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) apply to this final mixture, not to the undiluted emission gases.
Industry:Weather
A humidity-sensing element consisting of a base of aluminium, an oxide made by anodizing the base material, and an evaporated conductive coating of metal. The base material acts as one electrode and the evaporated metal as the other, or outer electrode. An increase in relative humidity causes the impedance between the electrodes to drop. The reverse is true when the relative humidity decreases.
Industry:Weather
