- المجال: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
A layer of air tens of meters thick at the bottom of the atmosphere where the variation of vertical turbulent flux with altitude is less than 10% of its magnitude. This layer is also called the surface layer, which is roughly the bottom 10%: of the atmospheric boundary layer. While the flux is not perfectly uniform with height within this layer, the idealization of a constant flux layer permits certain theoretical approaches, such as Monin–Obukhov similarity theory to describe the logarithmic wind profile.
Industry:Weather
A level on the shore where the emersion/submersion tidal characteristics change sharply. Some biologists have suggested that zonation of plants and animals is controlled by a series of such levels, but detailed analysis of tidal statistics shows that the tidal transitions are seldom as sharply defined as the biological boundaries.
Industry:Weather
A land breeze from the south at La Paz, Mexico, near the south of the Gulf of California, prevailing from November to May. It sets in at night and usually persists until 9 or 10
Industry:Weather
A latitude band in which the winds are generally light and variable (calm).
Industry:Weather
A land basin where all surface runoff remains within the basin, with no natural surface outlets.
Industry:Weather
A highly reactive oxide of chlorine with chemical formula OClO. This species is of importance in the chemistry of polar stratospheric ozone depletion, as it is a product of the reaction of ClO with BrO. Its strong, structured absorption spectrum in the near-UV–visible region makes it extremely susceptible to destruction by photolysis, but also makes possible its detection via UV absorption in the atmosphere. Its detection in the antarctic ozone hole was one of the key discoveries that pointed to chlorine chemistry being the major cause of polar stratospheric mountain-wave cloud depletion. This compound should not be confused with the isomeric ClOO radical, which is thermally unstable (dissociating to Cl and O2).
Industry:Weather
A lake that does not have surface outflow and that loses water by evaporation or by seepage.
Industry:Weather
A hypothetical cone in the exosphere, directed vertically upward, through which an atom or molecule would theoretically be able to pass to outer space without a collision, that is, in which the mean free path is infinite. Such a cone would open wider with increasing altitude above the critical level of escape, and would be nonexistent below the critical level of escape. See fringe region.
Industry:Weather
A heavy cloud bank that appears on the horizon with the approach of an intense tropical cyclone (hurricane or typhoon). It is the outer edge of the central dense overcast of the storm.
Industry:Weather
