- المجال: Weather
- Number of terms: 60695
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
The type of weather observation taken at a climatological substation. It includes recording, at least once daily, one or more of the following: maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and total precipitation since the previous observation; and may also include description of the weather (cloudy, clear, etc. ) and atmospheric phenomena. Such observations compose the bulk of climatological data in the United States and over much of the world. In addition, meteorological observations are, of course, “climatological” inasmuch as they are used to derive climatological data.
Industry:Weather
The thin (10 000 km) layer of relatively transparent gases, predominantly hydrogen and helium, above the photosphere and below the corona of the sun. It is best observed during total solar eclipse when its emission spectrum may be studied.
Industry:Weather
The theory that describes how vapor phase of a substance condenses into liquid and solid phases based on classical bulk thermodynamic principles. This leads to the conclusion that water vapor will start condensing into liquid water or ice when the environment marginally surpasses saturation (100% relative humidity with respect to plain water or ice surface, respectively). In reality, it is almost always necessary to have foreign particles serving as condensation nuclei or ice nuclei for the condensation to occur even when the environment is somewhat supersaturated.
Industry:Weather
The time interval between 1 January and 31 December, inclusive, in the Gregorian calendar. The number of days in the calendar year varies from 365 in ordinary years to 366 in leap years.
Industry:Weather
The tendency for the solution of a numerical model integration to move away from its initial conditions and toward its own climate. Typically this new climate has some unrealistic features. Climate drift may be caused by various imbalances or errors in the model parameterizations.
Industry:Weather
The temperature of plants and/or the vegetative cover. It is generally measured with infrared thermometers. Canopy temperature is often used to indicate vegetative water status and is used in models for estimating transpiration rates and sensible heat transport from vegetation.
Industry:Weather
The system, consisting of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere, determining the earth's climate as the result of mutual interactions and responses to external influences (forcing). Physical, chemical, and biological processes are involved in the interactions among the components of the climate system.
Industry:Weather
The sum total of exchangeable cations adsorbable by the porous medium; expressed in moles of ion charge per kilogram of porous media.
Industry:Weather
