- المجال: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
An occluded front that has reversed its direction of motion as a result of the development of a new cyclone (usually near the point of occlusion) or, less frequently, as the result of the displacement of the old cyclone along the front. The resulting movement of the occluded front is westward and/or southward behind its associated cold front. It also may appear as the westward extension of the warm front in some cyclones. Its subsequent evolution following the development of a new cyclone can give the appearance of a cold front, with a sharp temperature drop and strong increase of winds.
Industry:Weather
An occluded front that has reversed its direction of motion as a result of the development of a new cyclone (usually near the point of occlusion) or, less frequently, as the result of the displacement of the old cyclone along the front. The resulting movement of the occluded front is westward and/or southward behind its associated cold front. It also may appear as the westward extension of the warm front in some cyclones. Its subsequent evolution following the development of a new cyclone can give the appearance of a cold front, with a sharp temperature drop and strong increase of winds.
Industry:Weather
The increase with time of an integral measure of depth of the stable boundary layer. Often the SBL has a structure with a poorly defined top. Potential temperature gradient and turbulence intensity gradually decrease to zero at the top of the SBL. Because there is no well- defined top, often an integral or e-folding measure of the the SBL depth is used instead. The growth of such a bulk measure of SBL depth can be used to specify the full structure of the SBL evolution.
Industry:Weather
An idealized model of the atmospheric mixed layer that assumes uniform values of variables within the ML, with sharp jumps or discontinuities across the top. For midlatitude, fair-weather situations over land, the ML values are usually cooler in potential temperature, slower in wind speed, and higher in humidity than air in the free atmosphere just above the ML.
Industry:Weather
A device for obtaining, from a ship under way, a record of temperature against depth (strictly speaking, pressure) in the upper 300 m of the ocean. For a thermal element it has a xylene-filled copper coil, which actuates a stylus through a Bourdon tube. The pressure element is a copper aneroid capsule that moves a smoked glass slide at right angles to the motion of the stylus. A double analog record is thus obtained as the BT is lowered and recovered. This device has generally been replaced by the expendable bathythermograph (XBT).
Industry:Weather
A unit of energy defined as that quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit; it is equal to 252. 1 calories or 1055 joules.
Industry:Weather
The reflected radiance from a given region as a function of both incident and viewing directions. It is equal to the reflected radiance divided by the incident irradiance from a single direction. See also bidirectional reflectance factor, bidirectional reflection function.
Industry:Weather
The relative angular dependence of the reflected radiance from a given region as function of both incident and viewing directions. It is equal to π times the reflected radiance divided by the reflected irradiance. See also bidirectional reflectance factor, bidirectional reflectance distribution function.
Industry:Weather
The temperature of the ocean at the point where the water intersects the bottom.
Industry:Weather
Perturbations generated by the breeding method. In complex physical systems the bred vectors depend on the perturbation amplitude, which is the only free parameter in the breeding technique. For example, linearly fast-growing perturbations such as convective instabilities do not amplify after reaching a certain amplitude since they become nonlinearly saturated (i.e., other processes prevent them from growing any further). The bred vectors are primarily used as initial perturbations in ensemble forecasting and for studying the instabilities of the atmosphere.
Industry:Weather
