- المجال: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
An approximation according to which the amplitude of near-forward scattering by an opaque, planar object is the same as that of an aperture of the same shape and size. Babinet's principle is sometimes combined with Fraunhofer diffraction theory in the development of an approximate theory of the corona.
Industry:Weather
Air bubbles in water generated by the action of breaking waves, the impact on water of spray droplets, and by biological processes. They range in size from some centimeters down to microns. Small bubbles in particular can be carried down to considerable depths, as their limiting rise velocity is smaller than the ambient vertical water motions, and provide a significant contribution to air–sea gas flux.
Industry:Weather
Air pollution that is not produced locally. While total concentration is the sum of locally and nonlocally produced pollution, only the locally produced pollution can be locally regulated. In such regulations, the pollutants that advect in from the outside, or which would have been present naturally, are sometimes called background pollution. Compare ambient air.
Industry:Weather
An alternation of relatively cool-damp and warm-dry periods, forming an apparent cycle of about 35 years. A belief in such a cycle of 35–40 years in Holland was known to Sir Francis Bacon in 1625, but it was rediscovered in 1890 by E. Brückner who regarded it as worldwide and attached great economic importance to it. Some studies have found quasiperiodic behavior on multidecadal timescales in a number of meteorological and related phenomena, but the existence of a cycle with this specific frequency remains controversial.
Industry:Weather
After United States weather observing practice, the ceiling classification that is applied when the ceiling height is determined by timing the ascent and disappearance of a ceiling balloon or pilot balloon. Balloon ceilings are designated B in an aviation weather observation, and they may pertain only to clouds or to obscuring phenomena aloft.
Industry:Weather
Accumulation of water resulting from an obstruction, limited downstream channel capacity, high tide, or high stages in a connecting stream.
Industry:Weather
Absorption of radiation that takes place in one or more absorption bands. Compare line absorption, continuum absorption.
Industry:Weather
A water mass found in the upper 100 m of the eastern tropical Indian Ocean originating from the Bay of Bengal. It is characterized by very low salinity produced from monsoonal river runoff.
Industry:Weather
A water-temperature thermometer provided with an insulated container around the bulb. It is lowered into the sea on a line until it has had time to reach the temperature of the surface water, then withdrawn and read. The insulated water surrounding the bulb preserves the water reading and is also available as a salinity sample.
Industry:Weather
A weir extending far enough in the flow direction to cause the occurrence of critical flow depth over the crest. See critical depth.
Industry:Weather
