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Newton, Sir Isaac

(1642-1727) English physicist, mathematician, natural philosopher, astronomer, alchemist and theologian. Isaac Newton was born at Woolsthorpe Manor near Grantham (Lincolnshire). He entered Trinity College in Cambridge, in 1661, as a sub-sizar. Soon after the obtained his degree, in 1665, the university was closed because of the Great Plague. He returned, however, as a Fellow of Trinity College in 1667 and, in 1669, was elected Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. Newton discovered the laws of motion and universal gravitation, which dominated science until they were replaced by the theory of A. Einstein in the 20th century. He also discovered the variations of the light spectrum and shares the credit with Leibniz for the discovery of calculus. His findings were published in Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687), commonly known as the Principia, and Opticks (1704). Newton was President of the Royal Society from 1703 until his death. He was knighted in Cambridge in 1705. He died in London, in 1727, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

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